| Gastroesophageal Reflux (GER) in Infants The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) normally opens to release gas after meals. With infants, when the LES opens, stomach contents often reflux into the esophagus and out the mouth, resulting in:
GER can also occur when babies cough, cry, or strain. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in Infants More than ½ of all babies experience reflux in the first 3 months of life, but most stop spitting up between the ages of 12 to 24 months. Only a small number of infants have severe symptoms as:
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Treatments of Hyperacidity
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Antacid |
H2 Antagonist ( Ranitidine ) |
Proton Pump Inhibitors |
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Mechanism of Action |
- Contains Magnesium Hydroxide, Aluminium Hydroxide gel and dimethicone which act by Neutralizing Hydrochloric acid in the gastric mucosa thus protecting it from acid and pepsin and reliving pain in the symptomatic management of peptic ulcers reflux , oesophagitis and heart burn. |
They reduce the basal food stimulated and nocturnal secretion of gastric acid by blocking the histamine receptors H2 in the stomach. |
- They diffuse from the blood to the apical membrane of parietal cells where H+, K+ ATPase (proton pump) exists - Irreversibly inhibit the PP activity and consequently inhibit acid production. - This inhibition is noncompetitive as it blocks the final step in gastric acid secretion irrespective of the stimulus. |
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Major side effects |
• Constipation • Mood changes • In patients with renal impairment long term administration of AL3+ can exacerbate or initiate osteoporosis |
• Constipation, diarrhoea, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain. • Rarely, malaise, dizziness, insomnia and vertigo. • Tachyphylaxis |
Aclorhydria- Atrophic gastritis- pernicious aneamia ( def. of vit B12) Hip fracture Nausea , Abdominal pain , Constipation , Flatulance , Diarrhea , skin rashes , Arthralgia. |